The bulk of my material was heavily influenced by the book The Race Set Before Us: A Biblical Theology of Perseverance and Assurance by Thomas R. Schreiner and Ardel B. Caneday. Though I would not agree with these men at every point in the book, I generally agree with their position the function of warnings and promises in scripture. I have quoted them at several points in the notes below, though it is not footnoted. If it is of benefit to you, the credit belongs to Schreiner and Caneday. These are just my rough notes and not a formal paper. I also commend William L. Lane’s commentary on Hebrews 1-8 in the Word Biblical Commentary series, upon which I have been greatly assisted by.
Of all the positions, I was not satisfied that I had communicated my own with good clarity. Perhaps I can strengthen the clarity of my own position in the days ahead.
“A Sober Warning”
Hebrews 6:4-12
4 Positions
1. Loss of Salvation view – Because warnings are present, some believe that believers can and sometimes do abandon their faith and consequently lose their salvation. They say, because they fail to persevere in faithfulness, they lose the inheritance of salvation.
2. Loss of rewards view – Biblical warnings do address true believers. Also hold that those who fail to persevere will experience loss. How they differ from the loss of salvation view is that they believe that the one who does not persevere will experience loss of rewards, not loss of eternal life of salvation. Grace Evangelical Society holds this view, as well as The New Scofield Reference Bible, Charles Stanley, and Zane Hodges. The Loss of rewards view are uncomfortable with the idea of perseverance as a requirement for final salvation and see it as a works salvation rather than one of the characteristics of saving faith. They make a distinction between inheriting the Kingdom of God and entering the kingdom of God.
3. Tests of genuineness view – This is one of the most common views in evangelicalism today. Warnings address those who profess to be Christians but are truly not genuine. Warnings like Hebrews 6 address people who experienced many blessings and then fell away, and by their falling away prove that they had never truly been saved in the first place. John MacArthur, Wayne Grudem, Roger Freeman.
4. Hypothetical-loss-of-salvation view – this position believes that the Loss of Salvation view contradicts biblical promises of security in Jesus Christ for everyone who believes. Holds that the problem with the lost-of-rewards view is that it minimizes the awfulness of apostacy…an apostate is not a Christian. The problem they find with the test of genuiness view is that the warning passages particularly in Hebrews are not retrospective (looking back) but is a warning toward a projected act. Otherwise why administer the warning? They argue that the warnings correct “wrong ideas” by making it clear that if a Christian could apostatize, it would be impossible for that person to become a Christian again. The warnings address real believers to correct the wrong idea that apostasy is not serious.
5. Biblical warnings are crucial means that God uses to protect his people for the “salvation that is ready to be revealed in the last time” (1 Pet1:5) The right question to ask concerns the function of biblical warnings in relation to biblical promises. God’s promises have their own function, namely, to establish belief in the God who keeps his promises and to assure us that he is faithful to his people. God’s warnings and admonitions have their distinctive function. They serve to elicit belief that perseveres in faithfulness to God’s heavenly call on us. Thus, God’s promises and God’s warnings do not conflict. Rather, the warnings serve the promises, for the warnings and admonitions are the means God uses to save and preserve his people to the end.
Who is being warned?
- The most natural reading would argue believers.
- The word in verse 4a for enlightened is the same greek word used in 10:32-35.
Perseverance – elicit faith and grant greater assurance. Matthew 24:12-14. “Because lawlessness is increased, most people’s love will grow cold. “But the one who endures to the end, he will be saved. ”This (B)gospel of the kingdom (C)shall be preached in the whole (D)world as a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come. Matthew 10:21-23 “(A)Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; and (B)children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death. “(C)You will be hated by all because of My name, but (D)it is the one who has endured to the end who will be saved. “But whenever they (E)persecute you in one city, flee to the next; for truly I say to you, you will not finish going through the cities of Israel (F)until the Son of Man comes. l Corinthians 15:1,2, “Now I would remind you, brethren, in what terms I preached to you the gospel, which you received, in which you stand, by which you are saved, if you hold it fast–unless you believed in vain.”Colossians 1:21-23, “And you, who once were estranged and hostile in mind, doing evil deeds, he has now reconciled in his body of flesh by his death, in order to present you holy and blameless and irreproachable before him, provided that you continue in the faith, stable and steadfast, not shifting from the hope of the gospel…”2 Timothy 2:ll,l2, “The saying is sure: If we have died with him, we shall also live with him; if we endure, we shall also reign with him…”Promises of Assurance – John 6:37-44 37(A) All that(B) the Father gives me will come to me, and(C) whoever comes to me I will never cast out. 38For(D) I have come down from heaven, not to do(E) my own will but(F) the will of him who sent me. 39And(G) this is the will of him who sent me,(H) that I should lose nothing of(I) all that he has given me, but(J) raise it up on the last day. 40For this is the will of my Father, that everyone who(K) looks on the Son and(L) believes in him(M) should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.” So the Jews grumbled about him, because he said, (N) “I am the bread that came down from heaven.” 42They said,(O) “Is not this Jesus,(P) the son of Joseph, whose father and mother(Q) we know? How does he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?” 43Jesus answered them, “Do not grumble among yourselves. 44No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me(R) draws him. And(S) I will raise him up on the last day. John 10:27-30, 27(A) My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. 28(B) I give them eternal life, and(C) they will never perish, and(D) no one will snatch them out of my hand. 29My Father,(E) who has given them to me,[a](F) is greater than all, and no one is able to snatch them out of(G) the Father’s hand. 30(H) I and the Father are one.” Romans 8